Burrell: 'I really hoped to continue playing'
Important note: This piece includes details of racially offensive language and conduct
FormerEngland player Luther Burrell states that going public to expose racism in professional rugby brought his professional journey to an premature end.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell described racism as being "widespread" in the game, displaying Whatsapp messages and remembering training ground "jokes" he had been subject to while representing Newcastle.
At that time 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only elite playing since has been a handful of games with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I've have absolutely had to retire because of what went on," he explained to media outlets.
"I really wanted to carry on playing, of course I did. I sought that, and it fell through when word came out that there were investigations going on.
"This situation was challenging - I had to just come to terms with the outcome and accept that this entire process is a lot bigger than me."
A sports organization report in April 2023 found Burrell's claims were accurate "likely correct", but said it could not gather sufficient proof to definitively say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's Six Nations games in 2014 and 2015, but was controversially excluded for their squad for the 2015 tournament
Burrell told media he also faced prejudice within the England team environment, during a international career that saw him win 15 caps after his debut in 2014.
"I have had multiple traumatic experiences within England camp," he said.
"Certain instances of discrimination and other just old-school mentality that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become accepted in team environments, in Burrell's view.
"This is something that has been dressed up as humour and that's been the issue that I've myself suffered and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"Over a extended period you just begin to believe that it's the norm and that is fine and that it's not harmful, but that's nonsense."
Burrell says he was finally motivated to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "enslaved person" and instructed him to put sunscreen on his wrists and ankles "where your shackles were."
The governing body said Burrell's revelations had led to "increased scrutiny at the culture within the elite game and to the implementation of an action plan for the professional game."
"The organization has placed significant focus on diversity and inclusion in rugby union and a substantial amount of work undertaken both before and after Luther Burrell came forward and revealed his experiences of racism and class discrimination," it added.
"The organization are continuing work with teams and partners in the professional game to work for a environment of inclusivity but recognize this requires patience and is an continuous effort."
All Premiership and women's rugby club now has in-person training on creating welcoming cultures, with its effectiveness monitored via specific documentation and feedback.
All England players, including youth squads, are trained in being "engaged observers" to intervene and defend others from harmful conduct.
"You should be so proud of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the film about his experiences.
"I know it has had this impact on you and ended your playing days, but in our view, you have done so much. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's father Geoff passed away soon after the filming of the film, and his sibling passed away earlier this year.
Burrell, who was raised on a council estate in his hometown, continues his work to make the game more accessible.
His charitable organization works to reach children in under-served communities and support them succeed on and off the pitch with complimentary sports coaching, guidance and dietary education.
"My motivations are genuine, I want to see the progress of the game and if others is prepared to share their experience then I'll persist to advocate for that cause because I'm not just doing this for my own benefit," he said.
"We have an obligation to make the sport as excellent as it can be and the longer I talk about it hopefully the more confident others will feel about sharing their personal stories as well.
"I grab the bull by the opportunity and keep bearing this flag and continue carrying this responsibility and accomplish what I can to create possibilities and make the game more attractive and more welcoming.
"There's a lot of disadvantaged children and a lot of poverty and I sincerely believe that rugby has the ability to transform their lives, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a comeback to former club Northampton in November 2022